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New Economic Mechanism
The New Economic Mechanism (NEM) was a major economic reform launched in the People's Republic of Hungary in 1968.
== Reform ==
The period from 1956–1968 was one of reform in Eastern Europe. The beginning of these transformations was marked by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 which resulted in János Kádár’s placement as the communist leader of the People's Republic of Hungary and the creation of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (HSWP). For the first ten years of his rule, Kádár’s objective was to create a united Hungary, announcing in December 1961 that "those who are not against us are with us." Having reached social peace, Kádár turned his attention to economic improvement.
On May 7, 1966, the Central Committee of the HSWP announced Kádár’s plans for the reform of the economy, known as the New Economic Mechanism (NEM).〔Balassa, Bela. ''The Economic Reform in Hungary''. Economica, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 145. (Feb., 1970), pp 1-22.〕 The reform is considered as "the most radical postwar change" of any Comecon country.〔Granick, David. ''The Hungarian Economic Reform''. World Politics, Vol. 25, No. 3. (Apr., 1973), pp. 414-429.〕 The plan, which became official January 1, 1968, was a major shift to decentralization in an attempt to overcome the inefficiencies of central planning. The NEM represented a move away from the soviet economic system of compulsory plan indicators in favor of a policy that states profits as the enterprise's main goal. The new economic policy was a "comprehensive reform of the economic system", creating market relationships among firms, using prices as allocative functions and firms responding to prices to maximize profits, and using profits to budget new investments.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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